
In his book 2005 book Parallel Worlds, Dr. Michio Kaku, professor of theoretical physics at City University of New York, likens General Relativity to a Trojan Horse. On the surface, it is magnificent and one can obtain the general features of the cosmos, such as the Big Bang theory and the bending of starlight. However, inside lurk all types of ghosts, goblins, and other strange creatures like “black holes, white holes, wormholes, and even time machines, which defy common sense” (pg. 111).
Even parallel universes and their respective connecting portals are theoretically possible. Einstein thought these anomalies would never be found. Yet today, 100 years later, physicists cannot easily ignore these concepts. Kaku likens this world to Shakespeare’s metaphor that all the world is a stage. Yet on this stage are trap doors that, should you fall through one, you may not end up in the basement. Rather, you might end up in parallel stages that may be very similar to your original stage, yet have a separate set of unique laws, rules, and possibly even a new script.
Okay, very simply, a black hole is a region of space that is the result of the collapse of a star. According to NASA, if a star that massive or larger undergoes a supernova explosion, it may leave behind a fairly massive burned out stellar remnant. With no outward forces to oppose gravitational forces, the remnant will collapse in on itself. The star eventually collapses to the point of zero volume and infinite density, creating what is known as a " singularity ". As the density increases, the path of light rays emitted from the star are bent and eventually wrapped irrevocably around the star. Any emitted photons are trapped into an orbit by the intense gravitational field; they will never leave it. Because no light escapes after the star reaches this infinite density, it is called a black hole.
Some general (but not absolute) concepts about black holes
* A black hole has an extremely very high gravitational field where nothing can escape, not even light, although Dr. Stephen Hawking suggests black holes could emit particles due to quantum effects, called Hawking Radiation.
* Only stars considerably more massive than our sun, about 10-15 time heavier, could end up as a black hole. So we don’t have to worry about being sucked into a black hole. Our sun will never turn into a black hole. And even if it did, earth would remain outside the event horizon and not be sucked in.
* Astronomers have long suspected that supermassive black holes sit at the heart of most galaxies. Astronomers are closing in on proof that a supermassive black hole is the source of mysterious radio waves at the center of our galaxy, the Milky Way.
* The event horizon is the area surrounding the black hole where the escape velocity equals the velocity of light. Outside the horizon, light, and a rocket ship, can escape because the escape velocity is less than the speed of light. Inside the horizon, however, light is pulled into the black hole, never to escape. And your rocket ship, well, if light cannot escape, then neither will you, or your ship.
* As you approach the event horizon, you would be experience spaghettification where you would be stretched from head to toe like spaghetti noodles by the gravitational gradient.
* In astronomy, the singularity is a term often used to refer to the center of a black hole, where the curvature of spacetime is maximal. At the singularity, the gravitational tides diverge; no solid object can even theoretically survive hitting the singularity. Mathematically, a singularity is a condition when equations do not give a valid value, and can sometimes be avoided by using a different coordinate system.
Remember earlier in the blog when I said we don’t have to worry about being sucked into a black hole? There are plenty of people who believe scientists are trying to create a mini-black hole in a laboratory using atom-smashing particle accelerators such as the Large Hadron Collider at the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN), thus sowing the seeds for our own destruction. But scientists at CERN say these fears are unfounded, and even if a mini-black home were ever created, it would have a very short lifetime.
Even parallel universes and their respective connecting portals are theoretically possible. Einstein thought these anomalies would never be found. Yet today, 100 years later, physicists cannot easily ignore these concepts. Kaku likens this world to Shakespeare’s metaphor that all the world is a stage. Yet on this stage are trap doors that, should you fall through one, you may not end up in the basement. Rather, you might end up in parallel stages that may be very similar to your original stage, yet have a separate set of unique laws, rules, and possibly even a new script.
Okay, very simply, a black hole is a region of space that is the result of the collapse of a star. According to NASA, if a star that massive or larger undergoes a supernova explosion, it may leave behind a fairly massive burned out stellar remnant. With no outward forces to oppose gravitational forces, the remnant will collapse in on itself. The star eventually collapses to the point of zero volume and infinite density, creating what is known as a " singularity ". As the density increases, the path of light rays emitted from the star are bent and eventually wrapped irrevocably around the star. Any emitted photons are trapped into an orbit by the intense gravitational field; they will never leave it. Because no light escapes after the star reaches this infinite density, it is called a black hole.
Some general (but not absolute) concepts about black holes
* A black hole has an extremely very high gravitational field where nothing can escape, not even light, although Dr. Stephen Hawking suggests black holes could emit particles due to quantum effects, called Hawking Radiation.
* Only stars considerably more massive than our sun, about 10-15 time heavier, could end up as a black hole. So we don’t have to worry about being sucked into a black hole. Our sun will never turn into a black hole. And even if it did, earth would remain outside the event horizon and not be sucked in.
* Astronomers have long suspected that supermassive black holes sit at the heart of most galaxies. Astronomers are closing in on proof that a supermassive black hole is the source of mysterious radio waves at the center of our galaxy, the Milky Way.
* The event horizon is the area surrounding the black hole where the escape velocity equals the velocity of light. Outside the horizon, light, and a rocket ship, can escape because the escape velocity is less than the speed of light. Inside the horizon, however, light is pulled into the black hole, never to escape. And your rocket ship, well, if light cannot escape, then neither will you, or your ship.
* As you approach the event horizon, you would be experience spaghettification where you would be stretched from head to toe like spaghetti noodles by the gravitational gradient.
* In astronomy, the singularity is a term often used to refer to the center of a black hole, where the curvature of spacetime is maximal. At the singularity, the gravitational tides diverge; no solid object can even theoretically survive hitting the singularity. Mathematically, a singularity is a condition when equations do not give a valid value, and can sometimes be avoided by using a different coordinate system.
Remember earlier in the blog when I said we don’t have to worry about being sucked into a black hole? There are plenty of people who believe scientists are trying to create a mini-black hole in a laboratory using atom-smashing particle accelerators such as the Large Hadron Collider at the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN), thus sowing the seeds for our own destruction. But scientists at CERN say these fears are unfounded, and even if a mini-black home were ever created, it would have a very short lifetime.
References used:
* Prof. Michio Kaku, Professor Of Physics, City College of New York
* NASA
* Ted Bunn Associate Professor of Physics Ph.D., University of California - Berkeley
* CERN
* Fred K.Y. Lo, the director of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Charlottesville, Virginia
* Prof. Michio Kaku, Professor Of Physics, City College of New York
* NASA
* Ted Bunn Associate Professor of Physics Ph.D., University of California - Berkeley
* CERN
* Fred K.Y. Lo, the director of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Charlottesville, Virginia
Question Posed: Are you following events at CERN or other scientific research facilities? Do you care about the potential breakthroughs in physics mankind may be on the cusp of discovering?








